Rex Begonia Rhizomatous

Beavertail catus  see opuntia

Beefsteak plant see acalypha

Begonia

Species and hybrids of three classes ; rex begonias rhizomatous begonias and basket begonias

 begonias

 Begonias have been so crossbred that neat  classification is impossible.  For convenience sake the begonias   listed here  are divided into three classes  based on their dominant characteristic, rex begonias note for their  brilliantly colored foliage; rhizomatous begonias, identified  by thick succulent stems,  or rhizomes, which creep along the top  of the soil , sending out long stemmed leaves at their  ends, and basket begonias, whose lax stems trail gracefully  over the edges  of hanging containers to show the undersides of their leaves, which in some varieties are  brightly colored. 

Yet none of these  characteristics are unique  to  a class ; rex begonias grow from   rhizomes, many rhizomatous type have colorful leaves and trailing stems, and many basket  begonias grow from rhizomes and also have colorful leaves. In the following descriptions, the predominant characteristic determines the plant’s class.

begonias Merry Christmas

    Rex begonias are the  most spectacular of the three types. Blended into overlaid on the green leaves can be found  a kaleidoscope  of colors red, pink, silver, gray, lavender and  a maroon  sometimes so deep it appears nearly black. Thousand of named varieties have been developed since  the original rex   begonia was found  growing with a potted  archid  imported into  England in 1856. Three excellent ones  are Merry Chistmas, also called Rhurthal, 10 t0 12 inch variety whose leaves are like those of Merry Christmas. but are silver colored  with green veins, and Helen teupel, about 12 inches tall with pointed, sharply lobed leaves that are purplish  red brushed  with pink and silver. The leaves are  6 yo 6 inches long and 3 to 4 inches wide.

Rhizomatous begonias come in many  leaf shapes  and colors. B. erhythrophylla, a pond  Lilly  or beefsteak begonia so  called because of the  rounded lily pad shape of its leaves and  the blood red of  their underside  become 10  to 12 inches tall but spread as much as  2 feet  across , its 5 inch leaves have glossy green top surface. Bessie Buston, named for a   begonia enthusiast  who stimulated   an interest  in the genius  through her writings   in the 1930 in a 2 foot tall upright version  of B. erythrophylla with 4 inch  leaves and only  a 10  to 12  inch spread. Maphil sometimes called  Cleopatra, is extremely easy to grow , it form  a dense compact mound about 8 inches tall and has 3 to 4 inch star shaped green leaves irregurarly blotched with brown.

Elephant foot tree

Beaucarnea

B. recurvata  Also called Notina  recurvata and N. tuberculata (elephant foot  tree, beaucarnea, pony tail)

Elephant foot  tree

The elephant foot tree is  carefree plant that  can live in definitely indoors, limited only by the height of your celling it is capable of becoming 30 feet tall and when it outgrows its space, the best thing to do is to  put it in  a  tub for your patio or give it to   your local botanical garden. It grows with one  or several trunks , each  crowned with a plume of  ¼ inch wide leaves up to  4 feet long. The plant is distinguished by a  bulbous swelling of the trunk  at soil level this strange characteristic, coupled  with the grays brown color and wrinkled texture of the bark, account for the common name elephant foot tree. The swollen trunk  serves as  a water tank, enabling the tree  to survive drought.

How to grow

Elephant foot tree do best where  they get four or more hours  a day of direct sunlight, or where artificial and natural light average 800 foot candles over 12 hours a day , but they will grow fairly well in bright  indirect light,  such as  that reflected  from light walls. They prefer night temperatures   of 50  to 55 and day temperature  of 68 to 72   but can withstand  temperature  ranging from 40 to 90 . the soil should be   allowed to become moderately dry between thorough watering. Feed established plants once a years in   spring with   a standard house plant fertilizer, but wait a full year  before feeding  newly purchased  or newly potted plants. Plant will live  for year in small containers. Report over crowded elephant foot tree  in very rarely spring before new growth starts.

Aporocactus rattail cactus

Aluminium plant see pilea

Anthericum see clorophytum

Aporocactus

                 Flagelliformis, also called cereus Flagelliformis (rattail cactus)

The rattail cactus has trailing strems, only about  ½ inch  across  but as much 3 feet long. They bear short, set spines of yellow or reddish brown  and, in the late spring pink flower  3 to 3  inches long. The rattail cactus is usually grown either in a hanging container or gfarted  to the top  of a tall growing cactus so that its trailing stems create a fountainlike effect. Both methods display the plant  well and also   keep the stems clean by preventing   them from touching  soil an important  conciderations with cacti sice the plants cannot be washed or wiped.

 How to grow

The rattail catus  does best where it  gets  four or more hours   a day of direct  sunlight , or where artificial  and natural light average 1,000 foot candles  over 12 hour a day, but it grows fairly  well in bright indirect light, such asa that  reflected from  light walls. In winter, night temperature  of 40   to 45 and day temperature under 65 are ideal, but from spring through fall, nigh temperatures of 65  to 70 and day temperature of 75 to 85 are preferable. Allow the soil to become moderately  dry between thorough  watering from spring through  fall.  In winter, water only enough to keep the plants from shriveling. Do not fertilize newly potted plants for  the first years, established plant should be fed once each spring. 

Aloe brevifolia

Aloe

(lace aloe) a. brevifolia (short leaved aloe)

Aloe where grown  as pot plants  at least as long  ago as the days of the  roman empire,  the chief  species in ancient times was  the true aloe,   cultivated then  as now  for  the shooting cintment that can be made from the juice of their leaves. That resemble those of the century plant. The plants often bear cluster  of small  tubular red,  orange or yellow flower in  winter.

aloe

The lace aloe forms a  rosette, 4 to 6 inches across,   tining as may as a hundred 4 inch  slender  dark green leaves that are studded on  the back with white  dots called tubercies.  The short leaved aloe grows 3 to   4 inches  across and has  3 to 4  inch pale  green leaves  that are edged with small teeth.  The 6 to 10 inch gold toothed aloe has pale green leaves with prickly teeth along  their edges.  The tiger aloe is the  most attractive species for use as  a house plant. The leaves,  which eventually  form a mound nearly 12 inches tall and  6 inches  across, are  excented by  blend of white and may  eventually  become tinted with bronze. They grow in bright  light. The  true aloe  has pale green leaves 18 to 20  inches long. Old plants of  this species become too large for most indoor location and should be descanted but new plant are  easy to  propagate.

How to grow

 Aloe do best where they  get  four or more  hours a day  of direct sunlight, or  where artificial and natural light average 1000

Acorus Gramineus , japanese sweet flag

Acorus

Gramineus, also called a.  japonicas (japanese sweet flag)

Although  the basic species  of the Japanese sweet flag is seldom grown as a house plant,  two easy to grow varieties have been cherished for a lng time. Both are grasslike plants that hold  their leaves  stiffly in  fan shapeh tufts. The white striped or  variegated Japanese sweet flag.

  A gramineus variedatus  a height of  8 to  12  inches and have been cherished  for a long time.  Both are grow plants that hold their  leaves stiffly in fan  shaped tufts. The white striped or variegated Japanese sweet flag. A  Gramineus  variegates, reachs  height of 8 to 12  inches at beards leaves that are attractively marked light stripes of white and green;  it will grow quite  well in plants water. The dwarf Japanese sweet flag.  A gramineus posillus, is a perky  miniature  that becomes only  3 to 4 inches tall and has  green leaves. Japanese sweey flag wide range of temperature  and are particulary  valuable in drafty locations where more delicate  plants would be likely to fail.

How to grow

Japanese sweet  flag do best  in bright in direct or curtain filtered sunlight, if only artificial  light is  available, provide at least 400 foot candles. The plant prefer night temperature of 40 t0 55  and  day temperature  of 65 or lower, but will tolerate   a temperature range of 5.

A godseffiana Acalypha wilkesiana

Acalypha

a godseffiana Acalypha, wilkesiana (copperleaf,, brief steak plant, acalypha).Acalypha  are bushy  plants that either can  be maintained  at a height  of 3\2 to 3 feet by being pruned or can be allowed to grow to as  much as twice that height. 

acalypha

  The species a godseffiana has oval leaves,  2 to 3 inches long, that are distinguished by a broad  white stripe along their   edges. The copperleaf, or  beefsteak plant,  derives both  of its  common names from the red, copper and pink  mottling on its  3 t0 4 inch pointed leaves.

 How to grow

  acalyphas do  best where  they get four or more hours a day of direct  sunlight,  or where they get artificial and natural light  that average 800 foot-candles over  12 hour a day, but they will grow  fairly  well in bright indirect light, such as that  reflected from light walls. Acalyphas prefer night temperatures of 60 to 65, day temperatures of 75 to 85 and a high relative humidity, above  40 per cent. Keep the  soil barely moist at all times. Fertilize established plants at  three to four month intervals, but wait four to six months before fertilizing newly purchased  or newly potted plants. When the plants  become overcrowded,  repor them  in spring . for best result use a mixture of 1 part loam,  1 part peat moss or  leaf mold and 1 par sharp sand; to each  gallon pailfil of this mixture add 1 ½ teaspoons of 20 percent superphosphate, 1 tablespoons of ground limestone and 2 teaspoons of 5-10-5  fertilizer. Otherwhise use a packaged general purpose potting soil. To rejuvenate  old and  straggly plants, cut  them back in early  spring to a height of 8  to 12 inches.  New plants may be started  from stem cuttings at any season, but they root most easily from new growth in summer.

White flies, Spider mites, Mealy bugs

White flies

White flies , shown here on a red-and-yellow coleus, are  exceedingly tiny sucking insects  that flutter off the leaves when a plant is disturbed. 

White flies

The eggs they lay  on undersides  of leaves hatch into almost invisible transparent green  larvae  that feed on plant sap and  do most of the damage. Green  leaves turn yellow and drop. If white flies are left unchecked, they can kill  the plant. Like aphids,  they deposit honeydew.  exceedingly tiny sucking insects  that flutter off the leaves when a plant is disturbed. The eggs they lay  on undersides  of leaves hatch into almost invisible transparent green  larvae  that feed on plant sap and   do most of the damage. Green  leaves turn yellow and drop. If white flies are left unchecked, they can kill  the plant. Like aphids,  they deposit honeydew.

Mehtod’s of control

For mild cases, wash the leaves with a strong spray of tepid water, making sure  to cleanse the underside thoroughly. Treat serious attacks with rote none or pyrethrum, or take the plant outdoors or to a well-ventilated area and spray with malathion. Spray from a distance of about 18 inches, let dry,   then rinse the leaves with clear tepid water.  to cleanse the underside thoroughly. Treat serious attacks with rote none or pyre thrum, or take the plant outdoors or to awell-ventilated area and spray with malathion. Spray from a distance of about 18 inches, let dry,   then rinse the leaves with clear tepid water.

Two spotted spider mites 

Two spotted spider mites 

These microscopic pest are also  called red spider  mites,  although some types are green.

  The first sign as attack may be yellow or brown speckles  on the foliage. When they attack cacti  the whole  plant may become mottled and gray. Spider mites usually live under leaves, spinning fine white webs that may cover the plant. In time, the plants become stunted and die.  called red spider  mites,  although some types are green.  The first sign as attack may be yellow or brown speckles  on the foliage. When they attack cacti  the whole  plant may become mottled and gray. Spider mites usually live under leaves, spinning fine white webs that may cover the plant. In time, the plants become stunted and die.

Mehtod’s of control

Wash small plants at the sink  with a strong spray of tepid water to dislodge mites, large plant should be wiped with a soft  cloth, then rinsed with  tepid clear water.  For serious  infestation, use difocol  or tetradifon,  or take the plant outdoors  or to a well-ventilated area and spray with malathion.  When the spray dries, rinse leaves with clear water. If the mites persist, destroy the plant.  with a strong spray of tepid water to dislodge mites, large plant should be wiped with a soft  cloth, then rinsed with  tepid clear water.  For serious  infestation, use bifocal  or tetradifon,  or take the plant outdoors  or to awell-ventilated area and spray with malathion.  When the spray dries, rinse leaves with clear water. If the mites persist, destroy the plant.

mealy bugs

mealy bugs

The soft ¼ inch-long bodies of  mealy bugs, shown here on a multicolored crouton, are coated with white powdery wash. 

They look like bits of cottons  clustered under leaves and  in crevices on the tops  of leaves  they are in shade.  The long-tailed kind  shown bears living young;  short-tailed  mealy bugs lay up to 600 eggs. But sucking sap, both kind stunt  and kill plant.  mealy bugs, shown here on a multicolored crouton, are coated with white powdery wash. They look like bits of cottons  clustered under leaves and  in crevices on the tops  of leaves  they are in shade.  The long-tailed kind  shown bears living young;  short-tailed  mealy bugs lay up to 600 eggs. But sucking sap, both kind stunt  and kill plant.

Mehtod’s of control

Gently scrub the scales off the  leaves, using warm soapy water and a small brush, then rinse the foliage with   clear tepid water. Treat severely infected plants with rote none or pyrethrum, or take a plant outdoors or to a well-ventilated area and spray with malathion. After spray dries,  foliage thoroughly with clear tepid water.  leaves, using warm soapy water and a small brush, then rinse the foliage with   clear tepid water. Treat severely infected plants with rote none or pyrethrum, or take a plant outdoors or to a well-ventilated area and spray with malathion. After spray dries,  foliage thoroughly with clear tepid water.

Aphids pest that afflict house plants

Pest that  afflict house plants insect are not as  great a problem to plants indoors as they are outdoors, but they can be brought into the house  on new plants. For this reason, keep new plants  isolated for a week or two before adding them to  a group, especially one in a terrarium.

 If insect appear on established plant, place the plants in quarantine   to keep pest from spreading. Most insect can be washed off with soapy water or swabbed away. Serious infestations required chemicals, but be careful to follow the directions on the labels.

Aphids

pest house plant

These common plant lice are about ½ inch  long and may be green, red , pink, yellow, brown or black. They congregate on soft young  tips or the undersides of leaves. Aphids suck out  a plant’s juices,  stunt new growth and cause foliage to pale,  curl and die. They also secrete a shiny sticky substance, honeydew, that becomes a host to unattractive sooty black mold.

Method’s of control

Pick off and crush any visible aphids, then wash the plant-either dunk it upside down into warm soapy  water or  swab leaves and stems with a soft soapy cloth. Rinse the foliage with clear tepid water. For serious infestations apply rote none or pyre thrum, or take the plant outdoors  or to a well-ventilated area and  spray with malathion. When the spray dries, rinse leaves with clear water.

Unique Mangosteen from Tembilahan

Unique Mangosteen  from Tembilahan

 Typical traits Mangosteen Tembilahan

       During these known only one type of mangosteen. But this is indeed one of the mangosteen other than others. Distinguishing this with mangosteen mangosteen was in the form of fruit, fruit stalk length, shape and size of the cupat the number of markers or the segment of fruit (stigma lobe), and the number of segments of the fruit. Mangosteen are common we encounter on the market or exported round (ratio height/diameter fruit > 0.84), length 2.5-3 cm fruit stalks, fruit skin thickness 0.5-1.0 cm, the number of segment pieces 5 to 8, and the stigma lobe forms a round with medium-size. The size of the stigma lobe is determined by calculating the ratio of the diameter of the fruit/the diameter of the stigma lobes.

       Generally the mangosteen has a stigma lobes with a size of 30-40% the diameter of the fruit. The uniqueness of the mangosteen fruit is located in a somewhat flattened shape (ratio height/diameter of approximately 0.5), shorter fruit stalks (1.0-1.6 cm in diameter), shape the stigma lobes ellip Sunday and the size of the stigma lobes

        Other Privileges from Tembilahan Mangosteen mangosteen is a fruit from a sample, which has acquired a sense of sweet and slightly sour (fresh sweet) with a degree of sweetness or total dissolved solids average 16.79 oBrix meaning that mangosteen has a sweeter taste fresh. The flesh of the fruit is more dense and water levels were lower than the average moisture content of mangosteen in General which is about 77%. Whereas in general the mangosteen water content above 80%. In addition when it opened almost not found on either the yellow SAP of the pericarp in the meat and fruit. This information needs to be evaluated further. On table 1, Figure 1, 2, and 3 information presented several important morphological characters and the quality of its fruit, compared with mangosteen from West Pasaman, West Sumatra.

Table 1 . Comparison of Local mangosteen with mangosteen Tembilahan Pasaman

	Tembilahan	Mangosteen Pasaman
fruit shape	Slightly flattened (ratio inggi / fruit diameter = 0.80)	Rounded (ratio height / diameter fruit = .0.85)
fruit stalk Length(cm)	1.0 -1.6	1.7-2.9
fruit Weights (g)	70-130	70-200
Thick rind (cm)	0.6 -1.1	0.8-1.0
form of stigma lobe	Ellip	Rounded
Size Round stigma lobe	35 – 44% diameter fruits	31 – 35 % diameter fruits
The number of fruit  segments	5-11	5-7
number of seeds	1 – 3	1-3
Total dissolved solids    (oBrix)	16.79	14.92
moisture content (%)	77.49	86.42%
edible Portion (%)	27.84 %	31%
yellow Sap (%)	< 2 %	50 %

 source : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika

             Kementrian pertanian Indonesia

Benefits Mangosteen For Pregnant Women and Fetus

Some benefits of mangosteen while pregnancy

      Mangosteen fruit benefits for both mother and fetus understood : Maintaining the health of the fetus while still in the womb is a thing that is very necessary so that when it is born , the baby does not experience things that are not desirable , such as malnutrition , birth defects or other abnormalities .

      To avoid this , various ways can be done by the mother to keep the condition of the fetus remains healthy , one of them by providing adequate nutrition . Nutrient sources can be obtained from a number of healthy foods , one of which fruits . The mangosteen fruit is one of the many types of fruits are recommended to be consumed in an effort to meet nutrition for pregnant women .

Mangosteen Benefits For Fetus

      Consuming mangosteen fruit for pregnant women turned out great health benefits of the fetus . Mangosteen fruit is known to contain a number of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals that are good for the mother and the fetus . One of the beneficial vitamins during pregnancy is vitamin C. This vitamin has benefits , among others, to improve the maternal immune system and maintain the elasticity of the skin of the mother to stay healthy during a stretch as the baby's growth preformance her womb .

      Aside from these two nutrients , mangosteen fruit also contains folate . This substance can be beneficial for the fetus because it can reduce the risk of birth defects or abnormalities in the fetus , such as heart defects , spinal abnormalities , cleft lip and other abnormalities .

        Mangosteen fruit contains a substance enough folate , and can be used as a source of food to meet the body's need for folate is 400 mcg / day . Keep in mind , in one cup of mangosteen juice , a substance contained approximately 61 mcg folate .

        Another element in the mangosteen fruit is quite important for the fetus is manganese . This element of the framework is useful in the process of formation and cartilage during fetal growth . Manganese is also an antioxidant that can protect the body of the mother and fetus understood from cell damage . The content of manganese in the mangosteen fruit is quite large . In every one cup of mangosteen juice , contained approximately 0.2 mg of manganese .

Read the next article about the benefits of the >>mangosteen for diabetic

Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan

Sebuah organisasi dalam menjawab tuntutan tanggung jawab  sosialnya  dapat menanggapinya dengan 4 cara :

      Halangan sosial

Yaitu sebuah perusahaan  yang paling sedikit memiliki kepekaan social dengan cara menghindari tanggung jawab social mereka atau melakukan tindakan sesedikit mungkin ketika menghadapi masalah yang mereka buat sendiri.

    Kewajiban sosial

Perusahaan melaksanakan tuntutan peraturan minimal dan tidak berbuat yang lain

   Kepekaan sosial

Perusahaan melakukan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang mereka buat dan mengevaluasinya setiap saat.

    Kontribusi sosial

Perusahaan yang paling peka  social. Mereka melaksanakan kebutuhan akan peranan sosiala dan  secara aktif mencari peluan untuk memberi bantuan. Contohnya adalah Perusahaan printer Xerox.

1.       Contoh perusahaan yang dikategorikan sebagai halangan sosial

2.       Contoh perusahaan yang dikategorikan sebagai kewajiban sosial

3.       Contoh Perusahaan yang dikategorikan sebagai Kepekaan sosial

4.       Contoh Perusahaan yang dikategorikan sebagai Kontribusi social

a.       PT Sidomuncul

b.      PT Djarum

c.       PT Sampoerna

d.      PT Bakery

e.      PT Unilever Indonesia

f.        PT Astra Honda Motor

TV berbasis android Toshiba L-4300

TV berbasis android  Toshiba L-4300

Toshiba Pro Theatre L4300  layar berukuran 50 inci dan 39 inci dengan sistem operasi Android 4.2.1 Jelly Bean dapat digunakan layaknya tablet dan smart phone. Dengan TV ini anda bisa menikmati games, social media, menonton video di youtube. TV ini mencakup semua kebutuhan anggota keluarga. Ayah yang suka membaca  dapat mengunduh e-book di play store, ibu yang suka memasak dapat mencari dan mengunduh resep masakan dari internet ataupun play store, anak-anak yang suka bermain game dapat bermain game dengan TV ini

          Tersedia ukuran 39, 50, 80 inch, dengan kisaran harga TV Android  ini mulai dari 18 juta sampai 170 juta.

 Toshiba juga memperkenalkan sebuah televisi dengan teknologi Ultra HD 4K bertajuk Toshiba Pro Theatre L9300 series. Meski tidak dilengkapi sistem operasi Android, namun Pro Theatre L9300 dilengkapi dengan mesin video CEVO 4K Quad Core milik Toshiba.

          Mesin Video CEVO 4K menyediakan gambar berkualitas mendekati Ultra HD 4K untuk konten 1080p seperti film Blu-Ray. Perangkat ini disebut bisa menampilkan resolusi empat kali lipat dari resolusi televisi full HD biasa . 

sumber : bloomberg tv indonesia-Teknow

Mango cultivation

Mango cultivation

1 Nurseries

1 ) Propagation by Seed

Mango

Selected seeds from plants that healthy , strong and fruit quality . Dried seeds and skin discarded .

Prepare the nursery box measures 100 x 50 x 20 cm 3 with a medium garden soil & manure ( 1:1 ) , the seeds were planted at a distance of 10-20 cm . Can also be sown mango orchards with a spacing of 30 x 40 or 40 x 40 cm above the ground that loose . Nursery given shade of plastic / plant debris , but do not let the air in the nursery becomes too moist . Seeds planted with stomach downwards so that the roots are not bent . During seeding , the seedlings should not be short of water . At the age of 2 weeks the seeds will germinate.

If there are more than 1 seed from 1 tiller , leaving only one who is really strong and good . Seedlings in the nursery box should Transplanting into a polybag if it has reached 25-30 cm in height . Seed selection is done at the age of 4 months , seedlings grow abnormally weak and discarded . Pointedness to do if the seed orchard was 6 months old .

2 ) Grafting

Mango

The best Propagation is by grafting ( budding attachment of the stem to which the fruit quality rootstock and plant root structures that strong ) . Rootstock for grafting seedlings in the nursery is that have been aged 9-12 months . After attachment , stump ( crop yield grafting ) was transferred to the garden at the age of 1.5 years . Grafting is done in the dry season so that the part that is not affixed foul .

3 ) Transplantation

That will be transplanted stem has a diameter of 2.5 cm and comes from 1 year old plants . Graft incision length was 5 cm . After the incisions were given land and manure ( 1:1 ) , then wrapped in plastic or coco

Pest and Disease Mangosteen

Pest and Disease Mangosteen

1 pest

caterpillars

These pests pierce the leaves .

Pest and disease

Control : ( 1 ) maintain environmental sanitation and maintenance of plants that either , (2 ) spraying insecticide Bayrusil 250 EC / Cymbush 50 EC  .

2  disease

- leaf spot

Cause: The fungus Pestalotia sp . , Gloesporium sp . And Helminthosporium sp .

Symptoms : spots on the leaves which irregular gray on its head ( Pestalotia sp . ) , Brown ( Helminthosporium sp . ) And black on the upper side and underside of the leaves ( Gloesporium sp . ) .

Control : reduce the moisture that comes from cover crops , cut the affected parts and spraying fungicides that Bayfidan 250 EC / 300 EC Baycolar .

Mangosteen fruit

-  mushrooms policeman

Cause : Corticium salmonicolor Berk.et Br .

Symptoms : branches / twigs die from skin tissue dries .

Control : cut branches / twigs , bark and wood scrape that attacked and severely truncated by smearing paint or sprayed

-  thread blight

Cause: The fungus Marasmius scandens Mass. Dennis Reid et .

Symptoms : mushroom mycelium growing on the surface of branches and twigs to form a white thread which can be extended to cover the lower surface of the leaf .

Control : keep clean and trim the leaves that fell ill .

-  cancer stem

Cause: The fungus Botryophaerisa Ribis .

Mangosteen

Symptoms : skin color changed and trunk and branch sap issued .

control :

drainage improvements , garden hygiene , cutting sick plants ;

For spraying fungicide Benlate stem cancer , Cobox or Cupravit for other diseases .

- hair blight

Cause: The fungus Marasmius equicrinis Mull .

Symptoms : mangosteen surface covered similar form thread -like dark brown -black ponytail .

Control : same with stem cancer .

- rotten fruit

Cause: The fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae Penz .

Symptoms : begins with the decay of the fruit base and extends to all parts of the fruit rind becomes so bleak .

Control : same with stem cancer .

- root rot

Cause: The fungus Fomes noxious Corner .

Symptoms : root rot and brown .

Control : same with stem cancer . [ mangosteen plant pests and diseases ]

Raising Mangosteen

Raising Mangosteen

1 . seeding Mangosteen

Mangosteen tree

 Mangosteen tree can be propagated by seeds / seedlings grafting shoots & Dairy . Trees planted new seeds of flowering at the age of 10-15 years, while that of planted seedlings to flowering connections at the age of 5-7 years .

Seed requirements

For Propagation by seed rootstock seeds that will be used as a seed taken from an old fruit containing fruit pulp with 5-6 segments of 1-2 segments which have seeds , not damaged , weighing a minimum of one gram and at least 75 % germination . The fruit of the tree which is taken at least 10 years old .

To seed a way of making the necessary connections rootstocks and shoots ( entres ) that healthy . Rootstock seedlings from seed is more than two years old with a trunk diameter of 0.5 cm and a brownish -green skin .

Seed Preparation

Propagation by seed rootstock to negate For fruit pulp , fruit soak in water for 1 week clean ( water changed every other day ) so that mucus and fungus wasted . Seeds will flake off by itself and seeds washed thoroughly . Dip into the seed with fungicide Benlate concentration of 3 g / L for 2-5 minutes . Keringanginkan seeds in the shade for a few days until the moisture content of 12-14 % .

mangosteen tree

For a connection shoots shoots ( one book ) which was derived from the young leafy trees and a healthy mother who excel . Two weeks before grafting rootstock section incision areas and shoots spread of plant growth regulators Adenine / Kinetin with a concentration of 500 ppm For further spur growth .

Seed Seeding Technique

Propagation by seed beds within pile is built with a width of 100-120 cm with 60-100 cm spacing between beds . Processed into 30 cm soil , then mix sand , soil and organic matter finely ( 3:2:1 ) with evenly . Nursery given a thatch roof / coconut leaves to a height of 150-175 cm and East side West side of 10-125 cm . Seeds planted within the planting hole measuring 10 x 10 cm with a spacing of 3 x 3 cm and 5 cm distance between rows at a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm . Close the seeds with soil and subsequent beds covered with wet burlap sacks or straw 3 cm thick . Nursery watered 1-2 times a day , given urea and SP - 36 each 2 g / plant every month . After the age of 1 year , seedlings were transferred to within polybag size 20 x 30 cm containing a mixture of soil and compost / manure ( 1:1 ) . Seed is maintained until the age of 2 years old and ready to be planted in the field / rootstock used in grafting .

Seeding and nursery in polybags within a 20 x 30 cm . One / two seed sowing in polybags within 20 x 30 cm which are basically small perforated at a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm . Media planting a mixture of fine soil , compost / manure smooth and sand ( 1:1:1 ) . Save polybag in beds that circled his side boards / bamboo slats so polybags not collapse . Nursery watered 1-2 days and given urea and SP - 36 as much as 2-3 g / plant every month . Seed is maintained until the age of 2 years old and ready to be planted in the field or used as rootstock in grafting .

Propagation by grafting the bud : The bud grafting method is as follows :

Cut material as high as 15-25 cm below the base of the neck and make a slit in the tip of the rod along 3-5 cm .

pointed along the base of the stem above 3-5 cm .

Tuck the pointy part scions ( shoots ) to within a gap rootstock .

wrap field below and above the linkage rod with raffia . Wrapping starts from the top , then tie the ends of the bandage firmly .

Cover the connection with the results of a transparent plastic bag and keep in the shade . After 2-3 weeks the cover is opened and the seeds were allowed to grow for 3-4 weeks . Bandage can be removed after the age of 3 months which is when the seeds have sprouted . After a 6 month old ready Transplanting seedlings into the garden .

During the flush connection  seeds and weed regularly .

Propagation by grafting feedings . The manner of attaching feedings are as follows :

Select the parent tree trunk that productive as above .

Prepare rootstocks in polybags within and put on top of which is higher than the parent tree mangosteen .

Select one branch ( entres ) For material from the parent tree branches above . Branch diameter less than or equal to the lower stem .

Cut down with a wooden rod of approximately 1/3-1/2 diameter of 5-8 cm along the stem .

Cut branches also entres the same way .

Bring a second incision field rod and wrapped with raffia .

Let the seeds Dairy for 5-6 months .

Maintain parent tree and rootstock in polybags within intensively .

Dairy successful if young sprout in the bud scions ( budwood ) and no swelling ( callus ) in the rope .

Dairy seedlings new- cut immediately stored in the shade by irradiating 30 % for 3-6 months to grow new shoots . At this time ready Transplanting seedlings .

2 . Mangosteen Media Processing Plant

Preparation : Determination of areal For mango plantations should pay attention to the ease of transportation and water resources .

Land Opening

Dismantling the plant that are not needed and turn off the reeds and eliminate weeds and shrubs from planting areas .

Plowing to negate any chunk of land that is too large .

Planting Distance setting : In other less fertile soil , spacing sealed while on fertile soil , spacing is more tenuous . Standard plant spacing was 10 m and arranged in a way :

isosceles triangle .

diagonal .

square ( rectangle) .

Fertilization Mangosteen : Seedlings planted in the rainy season except in areas that are irrigated throughout the year . Before planting sprinkle a mixture of 500 grams of ZA , SP - 36 250 grams and 200 grams of KCl to within the planting hole and cover with soil . Mangosteen growing media processing 

A brief history of mangosteen

A BRIEF HISTORY OF MANGOSTEEN

Mangosteen

Mangosteen is a fruit tree crops derived from that shady tropical forests in Southeast Asia , namely Malaysian or Indonesian jungle . From Southeast Asia , this plant spread to Central America and other tropical regions such as Sri Lanka , Malagasy , Caribbean , Hawaii and Northern Australia . In Indonesia, the mangosteen is called by various names such as manggu local ( West Java ) , Manggus ( Lampung ) , Manggusto ( North Sulawesi ) , Manggista ( West Sumatra ) .

2 . PLANT TYPE Mangosteen

Botanical classification mangosteen tree is as follows :
Division : Spermatophyta
Sub Division: Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledonae
Family : guttiferae
Genus : Garcinia
Species : Garcinia mangostana L

Research Institute for Fruit Trees SMF recommend three clones mangosteen , namely :

Major groups : leaf length > 20 cm width > 10 cm ; rind thickness > 9 mm, diameter of fruit > 6.5 cm ; fruit weight > 140 grams ; fruit bunches 1 point each .

Groups were : leaves 17-20 cm long ; 8.5 to 10 cm wide ; rind thickness of 6-9 mm, diameter 5.5-6.5 cm pieces ; fruit weight 70-140 grams ; fruit per cluster 1-2 grains .

Mangosteen fruit

Small groups : leaf length < 17 cm width < 8.5 cm ; rind thickness < 6 mm ; fruit diameter < 5.5 cm ; fruit weight < 70 grams ; fruit per cluster > 2 grains . Clones that were developed MBS1 , MBS2 , MBS3 , MBS4 , MBS5 , MBS6 & MBS 7 .

3 . BENEFIT PLANT Mangosteen

Mangosteen fruit can be presented in the form of fresh , as canned fruit , made ​​syrup / juice . Traditionally mangosteen is thrush medication , hemorrhoids and wounds . Leather pieces used as textile dyes including For water boiled and used as traditional medicine . The trunk is used as building materials , firewood / craft .

4 . PLANTING CENTER Mangosteen

Mangosteen tree planting center is East Kalimantan , Central Kalimantan , West Java ( Jasinga , Kudat, Wanayasa ) ,West Sumatra , North Sumatra , Riau , East Java and North Sulawesi .

Planting Techniques Mangosteen

Planting Techniques Mangosteen

1 ) Hole Making Plant

Make the planting hole size of 50 x 50 cm 25 cm deep soil excavation and placed on one side . Planting hole deepened to 50 cm and place the excavated soil on the other side . 15-30 days planting hole before planting . Then enter the land within section ( excavation to two ) and re-enter the top layer of soil that has been mixed with 20-30 kg of manure . Distance between holes 8 x 10 m or 10 x 10 m is calculated from the midpoint of the hole . For sloping land should be made terraces , embankments and drainage overcome or prevent erosion .

2 ) How Planting

With a spacing of 10x 10 m or 8 x 10 m required 100-125 seeds per hectare . How to plant seeds are distinguished as follows :

Sprinkle the seeds in water until within polybag with polybags can be released easily .

Discard most of the roots that are too long with knife / sharp scissors .

Enter mangosteen seeds into the middle of the planting hole with soil piled up to the limit ground roots and condense slowly .

Flush until the soil is quite moist .

Give shade which is made of bamboo poles with thatched roofs . If the existing trees in the surrounding , these trees can serve as a natural protector . Shade trees must be natural and micro-climate change , for example albisia & Leucaena plants . [ mangosteen plant engineering ]

6.4 . Plant maintenance

1 ) Weeding
Perform continuous weeding and fertilizing should be done in conjunction with and scarify ie twice in a year .

2 ) Perempalan / Trimming
The branches that grow twins and had no need to be pruned fruit overcome or prevent pests and diseases . Use scissors to trim that clean & sharp to avoid infection and seal Trimmings with former pitch .

3 ) Fertilization Mangosteen

Type and dose of fertilizer recommendation is :

6 -month -old tree fertilized mixture of urea , SP - 36 and KCl ( 3:2:1 ) as much as 200-250 grams / tree .

1-3 year old tree fertilized mix 400-500 grams of urea , 650-700 grams of SP - 36 and 900-1000 grams of KCl ( 3:1:2 ) given within two to three times .

4 -year -old trees and so on cultivated a mixture of urea , SP - 36 and KCl ( 1:4:3 ) as much as 3-6 kg.pohon plus 40 kg / tree manure . Fertilizer sprinkled within the array / hydrofoil holes around the stem with a diameter as far as the size of the tree canopy . within the bolt and hole about 10-20 cm , while the distance between holes around 100-150 cm .

4 ) Irrigation & Watering

Plants that are under five years requires the availability of enough water and so continuously that need to be watered one to two days . While the mangosteen tree that is more than five years old , the frequency of watering can be reduced gradually . Watering is done by means of inundating morning irrigation or flushing .

5 ) Provision of Mulch

Straw mulch spread 3-5 cm thick ground cover around the rod that was little to suppress weeds , retain moisture and aeration and reduce water evaporation . ( How to maintain mangosteen )

Benefits of jackfruit for health

 Benefits of jackfruit  for health

       In this occasion I will provide information about the  Benefits of jackfruit for health, of course you 've  eaten and often takes the jackfruit , jackfruit is delicious, but it also has benefits that are very good for health .

       Jackfruit fruit is a fleshy fruit fiber that has a distinctive taste and smell and very tasty , this fruit is very widely consumed by people , there are a few Asian countries that often consume the jackfruit is Indonesia and Bangladesh. rich in vitamins A , C , thiamin , calcium , riboflavin , iron , jackfruit fruit also has a low calorie fiber so good for heart disease patients .

I will provide information on some of the benefits of jackfruit for our health :

-  Jackfruit is very good for the bones good for young children in maintaining      bone health , jackfruit fruit is also rich in magnesium which can strengthen      bones  and   prevent   the body from   bone disorders such as bone loss or      osteoporosis  .

-  Good medicine for  an asthma  sufferer is roots , the roots boiled jackfruit      extracts by mixing into it can help in controlling asthma .

-  Jackfruit contains phyto - nutrients and vitamin C , jackfruit has anti -cancer    and  anti aging  nutrition so with this then you can be away from dangerous    cancer  and slow down the   degeneration of cells that can prevent the body    so that the body deprived of the degenerative disease .

-  Jackfruit contains potassium which is very effective in reducing the chances    of  developing  heart disease  because  jackfruit  can  lower  blood pressure 
   Jackfruit  contains  iron  which  can help  prevent  anemia  and  in  addition    jackfruit can improve blood circulation in the body .

-  Jackfruit fruit also contains natural sugars like fructose and sucrose that can    be used  as  an  energy  source , jackfruit   can  also  increase  energy  and    contains no saturated fat or cholesterol .

-  One of the uses of jackfruit to protect the health of the thyroid is healthy ,      jackfruit fruit contains micro minerals and copper are effective for thyroid        metabolism and it is baaik to produce hormones and absorption .

-  Jackfruit can serve to optimize the functionality of our body because              jackfruit  contains minerals such as manganese , iron , vitamin B6 , niacin      and folic acid .

-  Jackfruit is the source of many foods and is rich in vitamins C and A , in          addition to the jackfruit fruit also contains anti - oxidants which may              strengthen the immune system and protects the body from bacterial and        viral infections .

-  Jackfruit can heal  ulcers and improving the   digestive system , so avoid        indigestion , jackfruit   with high    fiber can prevent   constipation and          facilitate    bowel movement .

-  Additionally jackfruit contain vitamin A which can maintain healthy eyes and    skin , the fruit nagka mengecah eye disorders such as macular degeneration    and night blindness .

       There are so many benefits obtained from the jackfruit , besides delicious proved to have many benefits for the body but do not eat too much. because not good for health so, if too much.

         A few of the articles  Benefits of jackfruit fruit for health. Hopefully this article useful . Please refer to the existing health news in this blog . I hope all the articles in this blog can be useful for you .

thank you .